In the story “Hills Like White Elephants,” Ernest Hemingway narrates from the objective point-of-view. This very limited technique forces the author to look to other writing elements to define his characters. In the story, Hemingway uses elements in the setting as symbols to define the dynamic characterization of two travelers. The travelers movement within the setting emphasizes their change in outlook at the end of the story. The first clue is found in the images that make up the general setting.
The story takes place in a train stationed positioned “between two lines of rails in the sun.” Assuming the lines run in opposite directions, the first clue to the conflict is evident: the choice between having the abortion or having the child. The station is positioned in a valley between two distinctly different scenes. On one side are a line of long, white hills where there is “no shade and no trees; on the other are “fields of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro.” Obviously, the barren side represents the barrenness of the abortion and the sterility of their relationship to this point–the man’s side. The other side, lush with growth, represents fertility, childbirth and the promise of a new way of life–the girl’s side.
When the story opens we find “the American and the girl” sitting at a table outside a train station in Spain discussing what to do about her pregnancy. The man believes an abortion is the solution to their problem, but the girl is unsure and reluctant to concede to his whim. At first, the man and the girl are facing the barren side of the station, which represents their current lifestyle and the man’s point-of-view. It is here the girl comments that the hills “look like white elephants.” Like a gift that has no use but can’t be thrown away, the white elephant represents the unborn child. The man comments, that he’s “never seen [a white elephant]” and the girl replies, “No, you wouldn’t have.” In this transaction we discover the conflict in the girl and the man’s lack of understanding or consideration for her feelings. The girl again comments on the status of their relationship in the observation that her drink, “…tastes like licorice…everything tastes like licorice” and all they do is “…look at things and try new drinks.” The man comments, “I guess so,” signifying his complacency. At this point the discussion moves to the subject of the abortion.
The man, the dominant figure, attempts to placate the girl and win her acquiescence. He insists that the “simple operation…isn’t really an operation at all”, it’s “perfectly natural.” He indicates that when it’s over, their relationship will be “just like [it was] before.” The girl, sensing that things will never be the same states, “…you think then we’ll be all right and happy.” The discussion continues, prompting the man to say, “I think it’s the best thing to do. But I don’t want you to do it if you don’t really want to.” The girl finally replies, “Then I’ll do it. Because I really don’t care about me.” The sarcasm of that statement is evident, in light of the man’s response, “I don’t want you to do it if you feel that way.” At this point, the girl seems to move toward a decision.
Getting up from the table the girl walks to the other side of the station; the fertile side–her side–and the man follows. As “…the shadow of a cloud [moves] across the field of grain,” she sees “the river through the trees.” The girl says, “And we could have all this…every day we make it more impossible,” realizing that is she goes through with the abortion they could never have the life represented by the fertile valley she gazed upon. The man insists that they can, but the girl counters with “…once they take it away, you can never get it back.” Perhaps sensing that he’s losing ground, the man tells the girl to “Come back in the shade,” bringing her back to the barren side–his side–of the station. Once again the man insists that he doesn’t “want [her] to do anything that [she doesn't] want to do…” The girl replies, “Nor that isn’t good for me.” Indicating that the abortion isn’t what is in her best interest. The man, sensing this says, “All right. But you’ve got to realize…” only to be cut off in mid-sentence by the girl who says, “I realize…Can’t we stop talking.” At this point the girl has made up her mind and attempts to put an end to the conversation. However, the man hasn’t given up, yet.
Continuing his previous thought, the man states, “you’ve got to realize…that I don’t want you to do it if you don’t want to. I’m perfectly willing to go through with it if it means anything to you.” Of course, her reply, “Doesn’t it mean anything to you? We could be happy” is an attempt to make him understand. His final plea, “Of course it does [mean something to me]. But I don’t want anybody but you. I don’t want any one else. And I know it’s perfectly simple,” only elicits a sarcastic reply, “Yes, you know it’s perfectly simple.” The girl, now in control, asks the man, “Would you do something for me now?” To which he replies, “I’d do anything for you.” SHe asks him to “…please, please, please, please, please, please stop talking.” As the man looks at their bags noticing the “labels on them from all the hotels where they had spent nights,” he finally accepts the girl’s decision and states, “But I don’t want you to…I don’t care anything about it.” The man’s decision is fully evident at the end of the story.
When the waitress announces “The train comes in five minutes,” the man states, “I’d better take the bags over to the other side [her side] of the station.” The girl, seeming happy for the first time in the story, “Smile[s] at him” and says “all right. Then come back and we’ll finish the beer.” The man “carries the bags around the station to the other tracks” and walks back through the barroom, “where people waiting for the train were drinking.” He notices that they, just as he and the girl, were “all waiting reasonably for the train.” Returning to the girl, she smiles and he asks, “Do you feel better?” and she replies, “I feel fine…There’s nothing wrong with me. I feel fine.” The girl is at last content. The decision has been made to have the baby.
In the story, “Hills Like White Elephants,” Ernest Hemingway uses symbolism and setting to convey the dynamic characterization of the “American and the girl.” The train station poised in the middle of both barren and fertile ground and the man and the girl moving between the two settings illustrates their conflict and final resolution. Throughout the course of the story, both the man and the girl changed their original outlook. The girl, committing to the baby, has stopped straddling the fence and the man, committing to the girl, has done a complete “one-eighty.”
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